Cinematographic apparatus



Nov. 22, 1932. .A. LOEHR, JR, ET AL CINEMATOGRAPHIC APPARATUS Filed Dec. 20, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet INVENTORS 9 19325 A. LOEHR. JR, ET AL CINEMATOGRAPHIC APPARATUS J Filed Dec. 20. 1950 2 Sheds-Sheet INVENTORS M fiw ', ATTORNEY Patented Nov. 1932 uu rso STATES PATENT OFFICE ADOLPH LOEHB, IR, 01' BRONX, NEW YORK, AND EDWARD S. SCHWAB, OF JERSEY CITY,

NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOBS '10 ADOLPH IDEER, 01? NEW YORK, N. Y. 7

CINEMATOGBAPEIC APPARATUS Application filed December 20, 1980. Serial No. 503,848.

This invention relates'to cinematographic projection apparatus, and is of particular utility when embodied in apparatus characterized by a plurality of projection machines operated in alternation for the continuous projection of films requiring several reels, although certain features of the invention are adapted for more general use, and are so claimed.

A more specific object of the invention is to provide means for automatically operating the plural sets of projectors above mentioned in such a manner that as the end of a film part on a reel in one of the projectors is ap proached, the preparatory movements in another projector necessary to initiate the operation of the film part of the reel therein will be started, without depending upon the volition of an operator, so that perfect continuity of action is assured.

A cognate object of the invention is to provide means for stopping automatically the operation of the first mentioned machine, and at the same time not only operating the conventional shutters or devices for effecting the change-over operation, by which the film running out is shielded, and another reel of film is exposed in another machine, but also shutting off automatically thecurrent WhlCh energizes the lamp of the set in which the film is running out, so that the danger of fire and the destruction of the film is effectively prevented without requiring any action on the part of an operator.

At the present time it is'customary to provide two operators, one for each of the projectors, whichvis a source of such ex ense in operation that some houses showing lms are unable to avail of the more perfect continuity of exhibition made possible only by the use of two projectors, and therefore resort must be had to expedients for occupying the attention of the audience while a change of reels is effected in the single projector used.

This is so unsatis actory to the spectators, who are accustomed to the more perfect presentation of continuous film features, that while excellent films are available to the houses employing only one projector, the spectators do not patronize such houses, but

go to those where the continuity of showing can be seen.

Even where two operators are employed,

the different personal equations of these individuals often results in imperfect co-ordination of the two projectors, and accordingly a desirable object effected by the present invention is to eliminate the personal equation entirely, in so far as it relates to the initiation of the successive action of the projectors and to the prevention of fire risk by proper stoppage of the projectors at the proper time, and the cutting off of current either at the times when a reel on one machine is exhausted, or when by reason of breakage of a film or failure of some part of the apparatus to function properly, it is desirable to shut down a projector.

A further object of the invention is to pro- I vide means for effecting the various mechanical operations, involved inthe above automatic co-ordination of the projectors, by suitable devices controlled by the film.

Still another object is to provide such means for carrying the invention into effect that existing appliances used for other purposes can be made available for performing various steps in the operations required, and thus the reliability in operation of the invention is assured with a minimum of expense in its installation and but little instruc tion in its use.

Among other objects of the invention is the provision of an improved type of shutters for use in the vicinity of the film gates of the projectors respectively, our improvements being directed to increasing the speed of such shutters, providEng a better balanced structure which operates more smoothly, also to provide a shutter capable of stopping the heat rays from the lamps, which are of such intensity as to penetrate existing shutters in a relativel short time.

The a ove, and other, features of the invention are illustrated and described full in the accompanying drawings and speci ca associated parts suitable for continuous film display, and shows the electrical circuits and controlling means provided in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 2 isa fragmentary detail view in front elevation of a controlpart of the film and Y contacting rollers such as are indicated in all fiig. 3 is a detail view in side elevation of the parts shown in Fig. 2. I

Fig. l is a detail view in front elevation, on a larger scale, of ogre of the shutter devices, and its actuating mechanism.

Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view on the line 55 of Fig. l, on a still larger scale, and showing the shutter closed. I

Figs. 6 and 7 are detail views, in front elevatiomoi the shutter members, taken separately.

in carrying the invention into effect, we provide means acting automatically at suitable predetermined intervals to initiate the energization of the lamp and motor of one projector set alternatingly with the lamp and motor of another projector set, as each set is to be brought into operation to display its reel of film; andwe provide also means acting automatically at suitable predetermined v times to deenergize the motor and lamp of ter devices which are interposed between each lamp and the film in its set when the change over of films is efiected, to shut ofi display of one film and expose the appropriate part of the film to be displayed by the other set in perfect continuity,

Any suitable form of the several means requisite for automatic performance of the above operations respectively may be utilized, either mechanical or electrical, or both, and the various means hereinafter disclosed as a now-preferred combination of devices for the purpose are of an illustrative character only, possessing however certain advantages in operation which will be set forth in the specification and ointed out in the claims.

We pre er to utilize electroresponsive means controlled either directly or indirectly by theffilms in the several sets to accomplish the several operations, inasmuchxas conventional projection apparatus includes many elements which are already operatedor concf the present invention,

trolled b electrical circuits and may be readil co-or inated suitably, for the pn oses of t e present invention, by relative y inexpensive and'thoroughly dependable apparatus of a commercial character which can be readil installed and operated by those skills in'the art I For example, the two principal elements of a proi'ector set afiectedby our invention are the e ectric motors which actuate the film,

designated by the reference characters M and M respectively in the drawings, and the electric lamps L and L which illuminate the films respectively, these elementsor' the sets being operated by electric circuits which include a source or current, designated C in the drawings, and which energizes the motors, lamps and other devices, in the instanceillustrated, and may be constituted by anyordinary power circuit available. Either direct or alternating current, or both, maybe used,

according to the requirements o'ipa-rticular installations, and the type of current sourcewhichmay be available in any particular instance, such as a generator set, or direct or elternating current supply mains, as at 1 and 2.,

The operation of these circuits may be controlled advantageously, for the purposes a y electro-magnetic switches or relaysmf which we prefer to provide two for each set, as indicated at S, S and S S the switch S being adapted to control the lamp L and having terminals ll and 12 to which are connected the leads 18 and is from the current mains 1 and2 and terminals 15 and 16 to which are connected the conductors 3 and 4 running to the lamp, the switch comprising also blades 17 and 18 mounted on an insulating block I supported and operated bythe armature 19 of a magnet 20 which is included in a controlling circuit energize the lamp L When the magnet 20 is de-energized, a spring 21 turns back the armature 19 and blades 17 and 18, breaking the circuit to the lamp L- which is' thus de-energized.

The switch 5 may be of a similar type, for control of the motor M and comprises terminals 22 and 23 to which are connected the conductors l3 and 14 from the current supply mains. It has also terminals 26 and '27 to which are connected conductors 28 and 29 leading to the motor M The magnet 20a of the switch S is in a control circuit formmagnet a will be described first, and includes a conductor which may conveniently be connected with the branch conductor 13 leading to one of the current'mains 2, that being a convenient source of operat- 1 ing current for the control system embodying the invention. Any other suitable sourceor' operating current may however be used.

Another conductor 41, leading from the magnet 20a, is connected to one of the control devices forming part of the present invention, and which may conveniently take the glorm of a contact roller R having a metal collar 43 which is electrically connected with the conductor 41 through the bearing 4 (see Figs. 2 and 3) the collar 43 being adapted to bear against one face edge of the film F in another projector see Fig. 1) designated generally by l r rence character P and which is by a motor M through a set of iich been the same reference char- .iose already described with referprojector set P as they may be, My aie,identical in structure and ewtlm shown as running between i and a co-operating roller R a metal collar adapted to bear e other face edge of the film F,

to at predetermined times elec- '1' chit 9 n tricel current pass between the collars, upon passage therebetween of an electrically conducti e film part 44 which maybe of any suitable haracter, and isshown herein as a strip of nietaltcil affixed to the edge of the film in the form of a binding extending around the edge of the film and secured by a suitable adhesive, such as that used in n lilm.

l fit the collar 45, electrical contact is made through the bearing 46 from which a conductor 4? leads hack to the supply main 1, and the magnet 20a is accordingly energized when electrical connection is established between the collars 43 and 45 by the film part 44, and the magnet, thus ener zed, throws the switch S and the motor 7 1 is ener ,ized and initiates the operation of the film 1 in the projector set P.

This may be arranged to take place at any desired time, by suitable position of the part 44 on film F which preferably will be arranged to start the film F at the usual time before exhaustion of the film F so that for several seconds the films F and F run in unison, insuring perfect continuity in the display of the picture,.and in the rendition of the sound feature, if such is provided.

At the same time, the lamp L of set P is energized by the operation of switch S in the manner alreadydescribed briefly and which will now be described more at length, this being an important provision of the invention. v

The actuation of switch S at this time, when contact is made through the part 44 of film F as just described, is accomplished as follows:

Conductor. 13, leading from main 2, is connected to magnet 20 of switch S, as already described, and a conductor 41 leads from the magnet 20 through blade 49 of a double pole switch S, which is the main 0011- trol switch of the system, to a point 50 where it is connected with the conductor 41, leading from magnet 20a of the'motor control switch S Accordingly, when the part 44 of film F closes the circuit through magnet 20a to 0perate switch S for energization of motor M of the projector set P, the current will flow from main 2 through conductor 13 to magnet 20, thence through conductor 41, switch part 49 (when closed) thence to point 50, along conductor 41 through film part 44 in projector set P hack through conductor 4'? to main 1,

Magnet fill will he thus energized, and switch il will he automaticaI-ly closed to connect "the operating circuit of lamp L by bringing blades 17 and 18 against terminals 15 and 16, so that current will pass from the mains l and2 through conductors 13 and 14, blades 17 and i8, terminals 15 and 16 and conductors 3 and 4, to energize the lamp L Thus the letter is automatically controlled by the film F of the other projector set, through the film part 44..

To provide for similar control of the operation of lamp L and motor M in the projector set P by the film F in projector set P the film F also is provided with a contact-making part 44-, adapt-ed to co-operate with collars 43 and 45 on co-operating rollers B and. R mounted on the projector set P these being all similar to those already described, and adapted to control the operation of the magnets 20?) and 200 of switches S and S, which are in a circuit comprising conductors identical in arrangement and function with those already described, and designated by the same reference characters, part for part, so that they do not require further description, except to note that when the film F is about to be exhausted, the operation of film F is initiated, the system operating alternatingly to cause continuous display of the film in one or another.set, as long as the projector sets are loaded with in, until proper time for change over from the latter film, normally, and any suitable means may he adopted for this purpose.

As a now-preferred means for such main tenance, we have shown each of the switches S, S S, S as being of the self-maintaining type, by virtue of a third contact finger s in each switch, which is adapted to connect up the switch magnet in a branch control cir ouit comprising the conductor 40 running to the branch conductor 13 which derives current from the current main, or running to any suitable source of electrical current, the branch circuit comprising also aconductor 71 which runs from the switch magnet wire 41 to the finger a, and from the terminal 7% contacted by switch linger c to point 77 and thence to a part of the circuit which includes the'part 73 off the main control switch S and also includes several safety devices, to be described, the conductor 'Zl being connected eventually to the main l, completing the branch circuit between the mains and the auxiliary contact finger c, to energize the switch magnets ill and 20a, 20b, and 200,

Accordingly, any of the switches so provided with an auxiliary contact linger s, when once closed, remain closed as long as current passes through this branch circuit and the switch magnet energized thereby, so that the magnet holds the main switch blades in closed position and the. motor or lamp con trolled by switch continues to operate or illuminate the film until the latter is enhausted normally, or until some abnormal condition arises, making it desirable to stop the motor.

In either event, the branch circuit may be opened, in pursuance oi the invention, any means suitahlyco-ordinated with. the rest of the control system forming part of the invention, and in the case of simple running out of the film, or its stoppage or and piling up, the branch circuit may he opened by operation of various forms of safety or circuit controlling devices desirably provided in conventional projector apparatus for the purpose of stopping the motor under such conditions. I For example, when the film runs out nor mally, the motor controlling switch may be 7 opened by the conventional trigger device 7 5 open by piling up of the region, as for example it the film becomes jammed in passing through the conventional which constitutes a switch normally held closed by the presence of the film, against which it bears, and in the absence ofwhich the trigger is free to swing open, being urged toward the open position by a spring 76. This conventional trigger control may be included in the branch circuit, and will open the latter and spring the motor controlling switch when the film runs out, and also when the film breaks, so that the film no longer supports the trigger, this controlling trigger acting as a safety device in the latter event.

Another conventional safety device takes the form of a switch 80 adapted to be thrown film at any selected display gate G.

These safety devices, and/or others, may be included, in any desirable number, in series or otherwise with each other in the branch circuit, and can be utilized to periorm their characteristic conventional functions in cooperation with other devices-which are novel with the present invention, no claim being made to the conventional devices as such, but rather to the coordination of such devices in s plurality of projector sets for the automatic display of a plurality of films in continuous succession. The motor may, accordingly, be stopped by opening or the branch control circuit 7i through the automatic operation any one or more of these safety devices, or by the manual actuation of the main control switch S of conventional, or other suitable form, at the same instant the lamp of the set is die-energized automatically.

This coordination of each lamp switch with controlling means operated by films in both of the projector sets and the auto-- matic de-cnergization of the lamp whenever the film stops for any reason makes yin tually unnecessary to provide the dowser device usually iorming part oi conventional projector sets, by which a metal damper is dropped between the loom and the projector, but it will be understood that by the provision of suitable connections, the operation of existing dowser devices be coordinated with the controlling circuits above described, so that no illustration has been made of a dowserdevice, nor of other devices "for various purposes which are not necessary to the successful operation oi? the present invention, but he used, in conjunction therewith, either independently, or in coordination with our novel control system, which lends itself readily to the automatic operation of such additional devices as the user may do-- sire to utilize;

in further pursuance of the primary object of the invention, which, as already stated. is to provide for perfect continuity in the display of. the series of film parts, reel after reel, We have provided means, acting in an Mill are necessarily running at the time of the change over, and in an existing type of shutter apparatus for this purpose a certain de-, 'gree of co-ordination has been accomplished by the use of solenoids in each of the projector sets, included in an operating circuit which is controlled by a foot-operated switch or switches, one of these switches being usually provided at each projector set.

Such existing mechanism our invention may, and preferably does, utilize to eifect the change-over, novel means having been devised by us to co-ordinate the operating circuits with our automatic control system, preferably in the manner now to be described.

In each projector set we provide such a shutter designated generally by the reference characters B and 18 with suitable actuating means, preferably comprising solenoid devices. indicated generally by the rei erence characters 5' and 12 each oi which devices may desirably comprise a pair of solenoids, as illustrated in detail in Fig. l, at 83 and 84-, or any suitable device of an analogous character may be provided.

The solenoids in each set act upon a recip rocable plunger 85 which is connected by a link 8i, bell-crank lever and linlrs 86 and 87 with the members 88 and 89 of the shutter E the links 88 and 87 being connected pivotally with extensions and 85 parts of the leaves oi the shutter, which leaves are adapted to be moved toward and away from each other, in balanced rela tion, to close or open an aperture 82 formed in the frame 90, and which aperture is in alignment with the conventional aperture in the film gate G The shutter member 89 has an opening 8'? for the above purpose (see Fi 8) and the member 88 has legs '98, spaced for a similar purpose, and which aid to insure steady, sliding movement of the member 88 in the frame 90.

In pursuance of an important object of invention, the shutter parts 88 89 are preferably formed in a manner which constitutes the shutter a novel and highly eihcient shield to protect the film from the intense heat rays emitted by the projector lamp, which have been known to penetrate the conventional shutters formed out of sheet metal. Our novel shutter is provided with a layer of heat-resisting material such as asbestos, with which each of the shutter leaves 88 and 89 are provided as illustrated at 91. Each leaf is preferal 1y formed of a plurality of layers of sheet metal embracing and protecting the layer of asbestos substantially as shown in Fig. 5, and the leaf 88 is formed with a lip 93 adapted to overlap the contiguous edge 98 of the leaf 89 when the shutter is closed.

A bracket 99 serves to connect the solenoi b with the shutter B holding these parts rigidly in position for cooperation. The assembled parts may be mounted on the machine in the conventional position by any suitable means.

Each shutter is opened by movement of its plunger 85 in'the direction indicated by the arrow A when current passes through the solenoid 83 of either pair and is closedby movement of the plunger in the direction indicated by the arrow A when current passes through the solenoid 84 of either pair. Each solenoid 83 of one pair is connected in series with the solenoid 84 of the other pair by a conductor 107, the solenoid devices being preferably provided with binding posts 6 6, b and b to facilitate attachment of the conductors. In the diagrammatic showing of these connections in Fig. 1, the connections are indicated at two sides of the devices I) and b respectively, for the sake of clearness illustration, but in the actual structure the posts may be conveniently placed in a row on top oi the solenoid devices, as shown in Fig. l, or elsewhere.

The solenoid devices may be actuated by current derived from any convenient source, as for example by current from the supply mains l and 2, for which purpose a conductor 108 is shown in Fig. 1, running from the supply main 2 to the binding post 5 of the solenoid device 5 and a conductor 109 runs from the binding post 5 of the solenoid b to the branch conductor 7 1, which derives current from the supply main 1.

in accordance with our invention, the op eration of the shutters to effect the changeover is coordinated with the motor control and lamp control preferably, although itis to be understood that the operation of these shutters automatically, instead of by a manual control, constitutes a feature of the invention which is susceptible of use advantageously as such, and it is therefore claimed generically, and by whatever means it is carried into eilect, the now preferred means il lustrated being shown merely by way of example.

The means selected for illustration comprises a binding of metal foil 101 on the edge of film part F (see Fig. 2) at the other side from the similar strip 44 already described in connection with the motor and lamp control circuit, it being understood that a similar binding is provided on film F The binding 101 on film F is adapted to co-operate with collars 102 and 100 on the rollers R and R already described, the body L non-conductive material, so that the collar 102 is insulated from the collar 43, and the collar 100 is insulated from the collar tii.

ning from bearing 103, and the collar 102 is connected to the binding post I) of the solenoid device 6 by a conductor 106. So, when the circuit is closed by passage of the film part 101 between collars 100 and 102, the current flows from the main 2 through conductors 108 and 104, the collar 100, film part 101 andcollar102, and conductor 106 through the solenoid 84 of device I), conductor 107 to solenoid 83 of device 1;, thence b conductors 109 and 71 to the main 1; wit i. the result that solenoid 84 throws the lunger 85 of device 6 to close the shutter lh and solenoid 83 throws the. plunger 85 of device @5 to open the shutter B and the change over from display of film in set P to the display of film in set P is ellected automatical y and instantaneously,

The contactmaking part 101 of film F is so placed, relatively to the contact making part 44 on said film as to efiect the change over at such an interval after the motor M end lamp L- heve been ener ized that the film F will he travelling at t e same speed as that of the part of film F about to run out in the set F, and thus perfect continuity of display will he insured.

So, also, the collar of roller R in set P is connected hyconcluctor to the branch conductor 71 leading from main l, and the collar 102 oi roller R is connected by conductor 111 through the solenoid 8t in the solenoid; device 5 and thence by core duttor 107 through solenoid 83 of device h and by conductor 108 to main 2, with the result that when the circuit is completed hy passage of the-conductive part 101 of film. 5 between rollers R and R, the current will pass from main 1 through conductors 7i and llll, roller 100 of roller R film art 1010i film F collar l02 of roller R, con uctor ill to device b and conductor 10?, sole noid 83 of device if, end by conductor 10% tornain 2Q acting to close the shutter B end to open shutter B The change-over from display of film F to display oi film F is thereby efiectecl on= utomaticolly, in accordance with the inven- As already olescrihed, the various circuits in each set can be opened at any time by operationot the main control switch S, as for example, when the display of film is completed, at the close of a performance. The motors and lamps are then in their (lo-energized" condition.

As it is desirable at times to operate a lamp or .a motor without running a film, in

order to test and adjust the lamp, or to lim her up the motor, pre aratory to a performance, provision is pre erably made, 1n pursuance of the invent1on, to permit the operator to energize either of the lamps, while the The collar 100 of roller B is connected tothe conductor 108 by a conductor 104 run-- main control switch S of the set and its dependent circuits remain open. For this purpose a manually operated switch S is shown in Fig. 1, adapted to pass current from the main 1 to the conductor 41 leading to magnet 20 of the switch S, which energizes lamp L in the manner already described. After testing and adjusting that lam the motor M may be similarly energized 1Ey operation of a suitable switch S provided or the purpose of passing current from main 1, through point 50 and conductor 41 to the magnet 20a of switch S which controls motor M r The set P is provided with similar switches S and S which require no further description.

When the o ration of each lamp and motor individual y for such tests, etc., has been accomplished, the switches S, S, S and S will he opened, and the apparatus will then he ready for operation as a system. The main control switch S of each set will first he closed, and then either of the switches S or S in the set P may he closedmomentarily to energize either of the switches S or S in set P and either oi the switches S or S will he closed momentarily'to energize either I of the switches S or S in set P.

Thereafter the system will operate automatically in the manner already described in detail, long as there is a film in each set, the films being displayed automatically and successivel in perfect continuity.

lit is to he noted that this continuity persists for an indefinite number or changeover operations without any necessity for resetting oi the shutters by hand, or for any manual intervention in the operation of the system other than the simple removal of each film reel as exhausted, and each companion reelcontaining the exhibited section of film wound thereon, and substituting therefor film reel containing a section of film to he exhibited and an empf/y reel upon which lost mentioned film is to received in the course of exhihition.

lVe claim:

l. Cinematographic apparatus charactericed by e plurality ot projector sets esch comprising o .lemp and 'o projecting machine, and each further characterized by a shutterin terposecl in the path of the light passing through the film irom the lam in each set,

also by devices acting automatically concur- '30 automatically said s projected, rior to the opening of its shutter, thereby e ecting instantaneous change-over of projection automatically, said shutter-actuating devices comprising means associated with the film and moving synchronously to permit said film to attain substantially the same speed as that of the film in the other set;

whereby both films are caused to run at the same speed at the time of the change-over operation. a

2. Cinematographic apparatus characterized by a plurality of pro ector sets each comprisin a lamp and a pro ecting machine, and

each urther characterized by a shutter device interposed in the path-of the light passing thru the film from the lamp in each set,

also by means acting automatically under the control of the film to open the shutter device in one and simultaneously to close the shutter device in another set; and means acting automatically under the control of the film to energize the motor and lamp of the set in which the image is to be projected, prior to the opening of its shutter, thereby effecting instantaneous chan e-over of projection hatter-actuating means being adapted to operate at a suflicient interval of time subsequent to the starting of the motor and lamp in the projector set in which the display of film is to be initiated to cause said film to operate concurrently with, and at substantially the same speed as, that of the film in the other set; and filmcontrolled means acting automatically to deenergize the lamp and the motor of the last mentioned set approximately at the time of closing its shutter.

3. cinematographic apparatus character-- ized by a plurality of projector sets each comprising a film support, a film gate, a motor for propelling the film through said gate, a lamp for illuminating said film, and a shut-.

ter for interposition in the path of the light rays passing through said film from each of said lamps; said apparatus being further 59 characterized by change-over devices acting automatically concurrently with the passage of the film to cause said sets to operate in alternation for the projection in continuous succession of a plurality of film arts respectively supported in said sets, sai changeover devices comprising a film-controlled switch and connections to cause the energization of the motor and lamp of a rojector set until then inoperative, and a su sequently acting film-controlled switch and con-' nections to open the shutter of said last men-- tioned set, and slmultaneousl to close the ""shutter-ofthe set from which t e changeover is being made, and a third film-controlled switch and connections to cause de-energiza tion of the lamp and motor of the set until then rojecting. v

4. inematographic apparatus characterized b a plurality of projector sets characterized respectively by the elements set forth in claim 1 and combined and co-operating as recited therein, including lamps, motors,

shutters, and change-over devices, said change-over devices being adapted to act automatically to effect both opening and closing movements of said shutters at every ter for interposition in the path of the light rays passing through said film from each of said lamps; said-apparatus being further characterized by electrq-responsive means and associated switches and connections to co-ordinate the operationof said projector sets and adapted to act automatically to cause said sets to operate in alternation for the projection in continuous succession of a plurality of film parts respectively supported in said sets, causing energization of t clamp and motor and subsequent opening movement of the shutters of each set to which changeover is to be effected and simultaneous closing of the shutter in the set from which changeover is being effected, and de energization of the lamp and motor of the latter set, for an indefinite number of changeover operations, and electro-resoonsive means including a magnetic switch for each of said motors and lamps respectively, and electrical circuits provided with controlling devices operated by the respective films to cause energization and de-energization of the motor and lamp and appropriate movement of the shutter respectively in each set in proper sequence to effect said changeover operations as lon as each set contains a film; and films in sai sets respectively provided with a plurality of electro-conductive parts each adapted to form a portion of one of said electrical circuits controlling a portion of said electro-responsive means.

In testimony whereof wethave signed this specification.

ADOLPH LOEHR, JR.

EDWARD S. SCHWAB. 

